During the early nineteenth century, the term classical music was used to reflect a golden age of music from Johan Sebastian Bach to Beethoven. Earlier classical music emerged as a result of a resurgence of humanism in the arts. Viennese classical music as defined by the work of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven embodied a high degree of technical skill. Romantic classicism emerged as nationalism spread throughout Europe to reflect the emotion of time, place, and composer’s expressiveness.