During the early nineteenth century, the term classical music was used to reflect a golden age of music from Johan Sebastian Bach to Beethoven. Earlier classical music emerged as a result of a resurgence of humanism in the arts. Viennese classical music as defined by the work of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven embodied a high degree of technical skill. Romantic classicism emerged as nationalism spread throughout Europe to reflect the emotion of time, place, and composer’s expressiveness. 

Eliassen, M. (2020). Classical music. Salem Press Encyclopedia.

When off campus, please enter your credentials to access e-books and articles.

E-books:

1. Boer, B. V., & Boer, B. V. (2012). Historical dictionary of music of the classical period. ProQuest Ebook Central

2. Caplin,W. E. (2013). Analyzing classical form: An approach for the classroom. ProQuest Ebook Central

3. Charry, M. (2011). George Szell : A Life of Music. University of Illinois Press.

4. McClary, S. (2012). Desire and Pleasure in Seventeenth-Century Music. University of California Press.

5. Kent Nagano, & Inge Kloepfer. (2019). Classical Music : Expect the Unexpected. McGill-Queen’s University Press.

6. Rosen, C. (2012). Freedom and the Arts : Essays on Music and Literature.Harvard University Press.

7. Rosen, C. (2010). Music and sentiment. ProQuest Ebook Central

8. Tarasti, E. (2012). Semiotics of classical music: How Mozart, Brahms and Wagner talk to us. ProQuest Ebook Central

9. Vroon, D. (2014). Classical music in a changing culture: Essays from the American record guide. ProQuest Ebook Central

10. Yang, M. (2014). Planet Beethoven: Classical music at the turn of the millennium. ProQuest Ebook Central

Articles:

1. Farrell, N. (2016). Facing the Fermata: Recreating the Classical Cadenza in Modern Performances of Mozart’s Flute Concerti. Flutist Quarterly, 42(1), 34–38.

2. Osmanoglu, D. E., & Yilmaz, H. (2019). The Effect of Classical Music on Anxiety and Well-Being of University Students. International Education Studies, 12(11), 18–25.

3. Schaerlaeken, S., Glowinski, D., Rappaz, M.-A., & Grandjean, D. (2019). “Hearing Music as . . .”: Metaphors Evoked by the Sound of Classical Music. Psychomusicology: Music, Mind & Brain, 29(2/3), 100–116.

4. Wang, J. (2017). How classical music is embedded in a culture public sphere? Revista Musica Hodie, 17(2), 112–120.